The Obesity Epidemic: Causes, Effects and Solutions
1. Introduction
Obesity is a problem that has been increasing over the years, especially in developed countries. It is a complex health condition that is caused by various factors, such as diet, lifestyle, genetics and even socio-economic status. While obesity does not discriminate, it is more prevalent in certain demographics, such as low-income groups and minorities. In the United States, for example, the rate of obesity is highest among Hispanics (42.5%), followed by African Americans (41.2%) and Caucasians (32.6%) (Ogden et al., 2016).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that may impair health. BMI (body mass index) is used to measure whether someone is overweight, obese or underweight. A BMI of 25-29.9 is considered overweight, while a BMI of 30 or above is considered obese. In 2013-2014, more than one third of adults in the US were obese (Ogden et al., 2016).
2. What is obesity and how is it caused?
As mentioned earlier, obesity is a complex health condition with various causes. Some of the most common causes include diet, lifestyle and genetics.
Diet: The food we eat plays a big role in our weight. If we consume more calories than we burn off, we will gain weight. processed foods are often high in calories and low in nutrients, which can lead to weight gain. In addition, sugary drinks are a major source of empty calories and can contribute to weight gain (Popkin & Jacoby, 2005).
Lifestyle: Our lifestyles also play a role in our weight. If we are sedentary and do not get enough physical activity, we are more likely to gain weight. In addition, certain lifestyle factors such as stress and sleep deprivation can also lead to weight gain (Spiegelman & Flier, 2001).
Genetics: Genetics also play a role in obesity. If obesity runs in your family, you are more likely to be obese yourself. This is because certain genes can increase your risk of developing obesity (Spiegelman & Flier, 2001).
3. The effects of obesity
Obesity has many negative effects on our health. Some of the most common effects include heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer. Obesity can also lead to joint problems, sleep apnea and respiratory problems (CDC, 2016). In addition, obese individuals are at higher risk for social discrimination and Mental Health problems such as depression and anxiety (Puhl & Heuer, 2009).
4. What are the solutions to obesity?
The solutions to obesity are multi-faceted and require changes at both the individual and societal level. Some of the most common solutions include healthy eating habits, increased physical activity and bariatric surgery.
Healthy eating habits: One of the best ways to prevent obesity is to develop healthy eating habits. This means consuming more whole foods and less processed foods. It also means reducing our intake of sugary drinks and increasing our intake of water. In addition, we should aim to eat smaller portions and eat more slowly so that we feel fuller faster (Wansink, 2004).
Increased physical activity: Another way to prevent obesity is to get more physical activity. This can be done by adding more activity to our daily routine such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator or parking further away from our destination. In addition, we should aim to get at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week (CDC, 2016).
Bariatric surgery: Bariatric surgery is another solution for obesity, although it is usually reserved for individuals with a BMI of 40 or higher or those with a BMI of 35 or higher and one or more obesity-related health conditions (such as type 2 diabetes). Bariatric surgery can lead to significant weight loss and can help to improve or resolve obesity-related health conditions (National Institutes of Health, 2016).
5. The documentary "Super Size Me"
The 2004 documentary "Super Size Me" tackles the issue of obesity as it relates to the consumption of fast food products from McDonald's. In the film, director Morgan Spurlock eats nothing but McDonald's for 30 days and documents the effects on his health. Some of the negative effects he experiences include weight gain, high cholesterol and liver damage. The film also features interviews with experts such as doctors, dietitians and exercise physiologist, who discuss the problems with fast food and the obesity epidemic.
6. Conclusion
Obesity is a complex health condition with various causes, such as diet, lifestyle, genetics and even socio-economic status. It has many negative effects on our health, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer. The solutions to obesity are multi-faceted and require changes at both the individual and societal level. Some of the most common solutions include healthy eating habits, increased physical activity and bariatric surgery.