The Natural Law: A Theory of Guidance and Justice
1. Introduction
Natural law is a theory that was first developed by the Greek philosopher Aristotle. It is a theory in which there is a rule or a pattern that cannot change as an inevitable moral law. This law is often seen as something that is ordained by God or nature. The natural law has been further developed by many other philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas and John Locke.
2. The meaning of the natural law
The natural law is often seen as a set of rules or principles that are inherent in human nature or are derived from divine sources. These rules or principles are seen as guiding our actions and choices. The natural law is often contrasted with positive law, which is man-made law that can be changed or repealed.
3. Theories of natural law
The natural law has been further developed by many different philosophers and thinkers. One of the most influential theories was put forward by Thomas Aquinas. He argued that the natural law was based on four premises: the existence of God, the reasonableness of human beings, the eternality of the natural law, and the immutability of human nature.
Aquinas believed that the natural law was based on reason and could be known by all people. He also believed that the natural law was unchanging and would always be binding on human beings.
Another important theory of the natural law was put forward by John Locke. He argued that the natural law was based on two main principles: the preservation of life and the pursuit of happiness. Locke believed that these two principles were self-evident and could be known by all people. He also believed that the natural law was immutable and could not be changed by any human being.
4. The features of the natural law
The features of the natural law are often seen as universal, objective, and absolute. The natural law is universal in that it applies to all people regardless of their culture, race, or religion. It is objective in that it is not dependent on our personal opinions or feelings. And it is absolute in that it cannot be changed by any human being.
5. The importance of the natural law
The importance of the natural law lies in its ability to provide guidance for our actions and choices. It can help us to understand what is right and what is wrong. It can also help us to resolve conflicts between different people or groups. The natural law can also serve as a check on the power of government and other authority figures.
6. The applications of the natural law
The applications of the natural law are many and varied. It can be used to resolve disputes between individuals or groups. It can also be used to inform public policy decisions about issues such as abortion, euthanasia, and capital punishment. Thenatural law can also be invoked in arguments about economic justice and social justice issues.
7. Conclusion
In conclusion, the natural law is a theory with a long history and a wide range of applications. It is a theory that provides guidance for our actions and choices, and can help us to resolve disputes between different people or groups